Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance its capacity.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These synthetic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and maintaining dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and provide a smooth surface.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated plastic film as the top sheet, which allows for rapid liquid transfer while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film that is impermeable to liquids, ensuring that menstrual fluid does not seep through to clothing.
– **Breathable Microporous Films**: These films allow air to pass through while blocking liquids, enhancing comfort by reducing heat and moisture buildup.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad in place within the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives form a bond when pressure is applied, making them easy to use and reposition if necessary.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to protect the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is treated with silicone to prevent the adhesive from sticking to it, allowing for easy removal when the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure they perform effectively:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is paramount. This is primarily achieved through the absorbent core and SAP.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft and gentle on the skin to prevent irritation and discomfort.
– **Breathability**: Materials should allow air to circulate, reducing the risk of heat and moisture buildup, which can lead to discomfort and skin issues.
– **Leakage Protection**: The back sheet and adhesive must work together to prevent any leakage, ensuring the pad stays in place and protects clothing.
– **Biodegradability**: With increasing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for biodegradable materials that minimize environmental impact.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide a balance of comfort, protection, and environmental sustainability. Understanding these materials and their properties helps in making informed choices and appreciating the technology behind these essential products.