Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties Analysis

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties Analysis

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its own mass. SAP is crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring long-lasting dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid absorption. Common materials used include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for rapid liquid transfer to the absorbent core.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated plastic film as the top sheet, which provides a smooth surface and prevents liquid from pooling on the skin.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film that is impermeable to liquids, ensuring that menstrual fluid does not leak through the pad.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: A more advanced material that allows air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid damaging the fabric. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: A thermoplastic adhesive that is applied in a molten state and solidifies upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: A type of adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied, commonly used for the wings of sanitary pads.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Fragrance Oils**: Used to impart a pleasant scent to the pad.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: Added for their soothing properties, providing additional comfort to the skin.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to balance absorbency, comfort, and safety. Understanding the composition and properties of these materials can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality. As the demand for more sustainable and skin-friendly products grows, ongoing research and innovation in raw materials will continue to play a vital role in the development of sanitary pads.