{"id":7634,"date":"2021-03-14T04:45:21","date_gmt":"2021-03-14T04:45:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sportsnewsforyou.com\/?p=7634"},"modified":"2021-03-14T04:45:21","modified_gmt":"2021-03-14T04:45:21","slug":"doping-in-elite-sport-more-widespread-than-testing-indicates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/?p=7634","title":{"rendered":"Doping in elite sport more widespread than testing indicates"},"content":{"rendered":"

Doping is far more common in professional sport than the rates suggested by blood and urine tests of the athletes, scientists have found.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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The study found that at least 30% of athletes in the 2011 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championships and 45% of athletes at the Pan-Arab Games in 2011 claimed to have taken doping drugs or used other doping methods.<\/p>\n

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Only a fraction of these cases were detected by biological tests: at the World Championships, 0.5% of biological tests showed positive for doping agents, and 3.6% for the Pan-Arab games.<\/p>\n

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The scientists used a \u201crandomised response method\u201d to question a total of 2,167 participants at the World Championships in Daegu (South Korea) and the Pan-Arab Games in Doha (Qatar), asking whether they had taken doping drugs or used other banned doping methods before the competitions. This method ensured the anonymity of the respondents and allowed them to answer honestly without fearing negative consequences.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe randomised response method is used for sensitive topics. In a direct face-to face interview, respondents would be strongly motivated to provide socially desirable responses, even if these responses were not true. Anonymity gives protection, allowing the respondents to answer honestly,\u201d explains Ulrich, head of the Cognition and Perception Research Group at the Department of Psychology at the University of T\u00fcbingen.<\/p>\n

In the study, six interviewers, who collectively spoke ten languages, attended the competitions and personally asked 2,320 athletes to participate. More than 90 percent agreed. The athletes were asked on a mobile device to answer one of two questions \u2014 an unobtrusive question about a birthdate or a sensitive question about whether they had engaged in banned doping in the past 12 months. The two questions were selected at random. Therefore, if an athlete answered \u201cyes,\u201d the investigators could not tell whether the athlete was answering \u201cyes\u201d to the unobtrusive question or \u201cyes\u201d to the sensitive question \u2014 thus guaranteeing the athlete\u2019s anonymity.<\/p>\n

However, even though the investigators could not ascertain which of the two questions had been answered by any individual athlete, they could use statistical methods to closely estimate the percentage of athletes in the overall study group who had answered yes to the doping question. The investigators also took into account different scenarios that might have caused incorrect responses. For example, the fastest responses were not included because the respondents might not have read the text thoroughly.<\/p>\n

\u201cOverall, this study suggests that biological tests of blood and urine greatly underestimate the true prevalence of doping,\u201d emphasises Pope, who is also a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. \u201cAs we note in the paper, this is probably due to the fact that athletes have found various ways to beat the tests.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tests immediately before and during a competition find evidence of doping on average of only 1-3%. However, doping agents are often no longer biologically detectable at this time if they have been taken long before. Somewhat better results are achieved with the \u201cbiological passport,\u201d which tracks the athlete\u2019s medical data and offers a higher detection rate of about 14%. The passport employs long-term documentation which can reveal deviations that could be caused by the abuse of doping agents. Doping agents are defined as all items listed by the WADA on the \u201cList of Prohibited Substances and Methods.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cThe study brings opportunities for a constructive debate regarding new strategies for combating doping. The randomised response method is a good way to make informed statements about the actual spread of doping,\u201d says\u00a0Professor Rolf Ulrich from the University of T\u00fcbingen in T\u00fcbingen, Germany<\/p>\n

Harrison G. Pope, Jr, MD, MPH, director, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, and Professor Rolf Ulrich from the University of T\u00fcbingen in T\u00fcbingen, Germany, together with an international group of seven other authors, conducted the study on behalf of the World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) in 2011. The results of the study, \u201cDoping in Two Elite Athletics Competitions Assessed by Randomized-Response Surveys\u201d have now been published in the journal\u00a0Sports Medicine<\/em>. The publication also includes detailed statistical analyses in the appendix which underline the significance of the findings.<\/p>\n

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Doping is far more common in professional sport than the rates suggested by blood and urine tests of the athletes, scientists have found. Advertisement The study found that at least 30% of athletes in the 2011 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championships and 45% of athletes at the Pan-Arab Games in 2011 claimed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7634"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7634\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/googmn.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}